Agave Varieties

3. Common Names and Etymology

Agave americana subsp. americana is known by several common names, reflecting both its widespread distribution and the varied uses to which it has been put over time:

• Century Plant (the most widely known moniker, stemming from the common, albeit incorrect, belief that it flowers only once every hundred years)
• American Aloe (a misnomer, since the plant is part of a different genus, not the Aloe genus)
• Maguey (a Spanish term, particularly prevalent in Mexico)
• Sisal (A term sometimes employed, however, that should be avoided, as "sisal" is the name of the fiber produced specifically by Agave sisalana)
• Common Century Plant (provides a more straightforward and descriptive name)

The scientific name, "Agave americana subsp. americana," is similarly rich in meaning. The breakdown is as follows:

• Agave: Derived from the Greek term "agavos," which means "noble" or "admirable," and possibly relates to the impressive height of the plant.
• Americana: This signifies the species’ origin in the Americas.
• subsp. americana: This denotes the subspecies, distinguishing it from other Agave americana variations and, in this instance, referring to the original species.

The common name "Maguey" highlights the long history of the plant’s use. The word likely comes from indigenous languages of Mexico, where the plant served as a crucial resource.

4. Plant Description and Characteristics

Agave americana subsp. protoamericana defines itself as a formidable succulent, instantly recognizable by its expansive, lance-shaped leaves forming a dense rosette. Mature specimens, commanding attention, typically reach a width of 10-12 feet (3-3.7 meters) and a height of 6-8 feet (1.8-2.4 meters). A slow, symmetrical spiral of striking blue-grey-green foliage, thick and fleshy with subtly curved leaves, distinguishes it. These radiate from the central base, often displaying a slightly wavy edge and a formidable, sharp tip, often culminating in a reddish-brown terminal spine. The leaves’ margins may harbor small, dark spines, particularly evident on younger plants. The plant’s grand finale, unfolding after decades (usually 10-30 years), is an imposing flower stalk, reaching 20-30 feet (6-9 meters), laden with numerous yellow flowers, a truly remarkable spectacle. This monocarpic nature signals the plant’s end after flowering, though it leaves behind bulbils at the stalk’s apex, providing a new generation. The flowers, eagerly sought by pollinators. Unique features further separate this subspecies; its striking blue-grey foliage sets it apart from more common, often variegated, forms of Agave americana. A dense, sprawling, symmetrical appearance and a relative lack of offshoots also help distinguish this species.

4. Plant Description and Characteristics

Agave americana subsp. protoamericana x A. asperrima presents a captivating tapestry of traits inherited from its parental lineage, making it a standout specimen in any landscape. It’s a commanding succulent, distinguished by its imposing presence and striking structural form.

• Size and Growth Habit: This agave possesses a moderately paced growth, ultimately achieving dimensions of approximately 6 to 8 feet (1.8–2.4 meters) in both height and width. It typically adopts a symmetrical, often globular, rosette form initially, which becomes more open and looser as it matures.
• Leaf Characteristics: The leaves are its most captivating attribute, typically lanceolate (spear-shaped) and thick, displaying a slight concave, trough-like form. The surfaces are generally smooth, or slightly rough, much like its A. asperrima parent. A standout feature is the coloration, often a stunning silvery-blue hue, and frequently coated with a glaucous (waxy, frosted) layer, causing an iridescent shimmering effect. This is sometimes accented by a notable yellow or white margin. The leaf edges are generally defined by sharp, reddish-brown teeth, and the terminal spine is a sharp, imposing point.

The Oaxaca century plant, thriving in the arid landscapes of its namesake state, isn’t just a visual marvel; it’s a resilient testament to nature’s ingenuity and a cultural icon. Characterized by its compact form and often intensely colored blue-green leaves, this agave showcases a breathtaking symmetry, with a robust rosette reaching up to 3 meters wide. The sharp spines along its margins act as a natural defense, while the waxy coating of its thick, fleshy leaves minimizes water loss. This remarkable plant then culminates in a once-in-a-lifetime spectacle: a towering flowering stalk that can ascend to a magnificent 8 meters high, signaling the plant’s final act and birthing the next generation.

These adaptable plants can withstand significant environmental pressures. Agave andreae is endemic to the small, restricted area of the northern part of the Mexican state of Coahuila.

4. Plant Description and Characteristics

Agave angustiarum is a medium-sized agave distinguished by its elegant and streamlined appearance:

• Size and Growth Habit: Typically forms a compact rosette, reaching a mature height of 1-1.5 meters (3.3-5 ft) and a width of 1.2-1.8 meters (4-6 ft). Its growth is relatively slow, adding to its lifespan potential. The leaves emerge from a central point, creating a symmetrical form.

5. Uses

Agave angustifolia has a rich history of applications spanning food, fiber, and other uses, a value in a vast range of diverse communities.

4. Plant Description and Characteristics

Agave angustifolia ‘Variegata’ is a medium-sized succulent, its distinctive appearance defined by striking leaf variegation. Here’s a detailed breakdown of its characteristics:

• Size and Growth Habit: This agave typically grows to a height of 2-3 feet (0.6-0.9 meters) and a width of 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters). It forms a symmetrical rosette of fleshy leaves, expanding gradually over time. The growth habit is generally upright, with the leaves arching gracefully outwards, similar to how the Agave gracefully emerges from the ground.