Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’

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The Majestic ‘Wakefield’ Agave: A Deep Dive into Agave parryi var. huachucensis

1. Introduction

The Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’, commonly known as the Wakefield Agave, is a striking succulent that embodies the rugged beauty of the Southwest. This particular variety of Agave parryi offers a compact, symmetrical form, icy-blue coloration, and formidable spines, making it a prized addition to any xeriscape garden or succulent collection. Beyond its ornamental appeal, the ‘Wakefield’ agave, like many of its relatives, holds a rich history of cultural and potential economic importance. Its ability to thrive in challenging conditions and its distinctive appearance make it a captivating subject for any agave aficionado. Perhaps the most compelling fact about the ‘Wakefield’ agave is its ability to withstand extreme temperature fluctuations, making it surprisingly resilient.

2. Origin and Natural Habitat

Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ originates in the arid mountains of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, where it has adapted to a harsh, unforgiving environment. It’s primarily found in Arizona, specifically within the Huachuca Mountains, from which it draws its varietal name. The plant also occurs in adjacent areas, and the related species Agave parryi can be found throughout the Southwest.

Its favored habitat exhibits a combination of factors that influence its survival. The climate is characterized by hot, dry summers with infrequent rainfall, and cool to cold winters, sometimes with snowfall. Elevations generally range from 4,000 to 7,000 feet above sea level. The soil is typically well-draining, often rocky or gravelly, with a slightly alkaline pH. Associated plant communities often include other drought-tolerant species such as cacti (e.g., Prickly Pear, Barrel Cactus), various desert shrubs, and grasses. This agave thrives on steep, south-facing slopes where it receives maximum sun exposure and excellent drainage.

3. Common Names and Etymology

The Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ is most commonly known by its complete scientific name, or simply as the ‘Wakefield’ Agave. It may also, in the region of its orgin be referred to as:

  • Huachuca Agave
  • Parry’s Agave, Wakefield Form
  • Mountain Parry’s Agave

The scientific name offers crucial insight into the plant’s family and lineage:

  • Agave: Derived from the Greek word "agauos," meaning "noble" or "admirable," likely a reference to the plant’s impressive stature and striking beauty.
  • parryi: Named in honor of Charles Christopher Parry (1823-1903), an American botanist and explorer who extensively documented the flora of the American Southwest.
  • huachucensis: Identifies the geographic origin, specifically the Huachuca Mountains of Arizona, which is where it was first identified.
  • ‘Wakefield’: A cultivar name referring to the plant that was named after a person of that last name who identified it. Its popularity also references the town of Wakefield where several specimens were first noticed.

4. Plant Description and Characteristics

The Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ is a slow-growing, evergreen succulent known for its stunning architectural form.

  • Size and Growth Habit: Mature plants typically reach a height and width of 1.5 to 3 feet (45-90 cm), forming a symmetrical rosette. The shape is nearly spherical when young, becoming slightly more open with age, with fewer leaves than other species. These agaves generally take 10 years to flower and sometimes longer.
  • Leaf Characteristics: The leaves are thick, fleshy, and rigid, with a distinctive icy-blue or gray-blue to greenish-gray color. They are lanceolate to ovate and exhibit a slightly concave shape. Margins are lined with prominent, reddish-brown to dark brown teeth or spines, each pointing outwards. The terminal spine is typically very sharp and dark brown to black, making the plant a formidable defensive barrier, but offering unique interest. The leaves create a striking visual texture that is a key characteristic of the ‘Wakefield’ agave.
  • Flower Characteristics: Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ is a monocarpic species, meaning it flowers only once in its lifetime before its demise. The flowering stalk, or inflorescence, can reach heights of 6-12 feet (1.8-3.6 meters), producing a branched panicle with numerous yellow to greenish-yellow flowers. Blooming generally occurs in late spring or early summer. After flowering, the main rosette dies, but it produces numerous offshoots or pups around its base, thus ensuring its propagation.
  • Unique Features: The ‘Wakefield’ cultivar of Agave parryi is particularly notable for its exceptionally dense rosette, consistent icy-blue coloration, and well-defined marginal teeth. The terminal spine is particularly dark and showy. These features set it apart from other forms of Agave parryi and contribute to its desirability in landscaping.

5. Uses

The ‘Wakefield’ agave is the result of natural selection and human cultivation, and, while less utilized than some other agave species, still offers multiple benefits:

  • Ornamental Uses: The most common contemporary use of the ‘Wakefield’ agave is as an ornamental plant. Due to the blueish-gray coloration, compact form, and drought tolerance, it’s exceptionally well-suited for xeriscaping, rock gardens, and container plantings. It provides a stunning focal point in both modern and traditional landscape designs. The ‘Wakefield’ cultivar often receives high marks for its architectural qualities.
  • Culinary Uses: The hearts of various Agave parryi varieties, the central core of the plant that remains after leaves are removed, is frequently cooked and consumed, however, Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ has not historically been used in a significant culinary context. The culinary use of Agave is more prominent in other species such as Agave tequilana. While it is important to note that Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ is not known for widespread use in food production, its heart, while potentially edible, would require significant processing as it is a very slow growing species and therefore not ideal for culinary use.
  • Fiber and Industrial Uses: Agave parryi species can be used to make rope, textiles, and other products, such as paper.
  • Medicinal Uses: Agave parryi species have traditional medicinal uses in some cultures. These include topical applications to treat skin conditions and the use of the sap for its potential wound-healing properties. However, medicinal uses should be undertaken with caution and guidance from a medical professional.
  • Other Uses: The production of alcoholic beverages such as Tequila and Mezcal are limited to a small subset of the most common forms of agave. This species is not commonly used for these purposes.

6. How to Grow Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’

Cultivating the ‘Wakefield’ agave is a relatively straightforward process, given its inherent resilience.

  • Climate and Hardiness: This agave performs best in USDA hardiness zones 7b-10. It’s extremely drought-tolerant and thrives in full sun exposure. It tolerates periods of frost, but prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures can cause damage. They prefer day time temperatures of at least 78 degrees Farenheit.
  • Soil Requirements: Well-draining soil is paramount. A sandy or gravelly soil mix is ideal. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral (6.0-7.0). Amend heavy clay soils with coarse sand, gravel, or pumice to improve drainage. The Wakefield agave does not do well in waterlogged areas.
  • Watering: Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is a primary cause of root rot. Water thoroughly during the growing season (spring and summer), reducing watering significantly during the dormant winter months.
  • Fertilizing: Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ does not require frequent fertilization. Fertilizing once a year in early spring with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer formulated for succulents can promote healthy growth. Use a fertilizer with a low nitrogen content to avoid excessive leaf growth and potential rot or insect infestations.
  • Container Growing: ‘Wakefield’ agaves are well-suited for container growing. Choose a pot with ample drainage holes and use a well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix. Repot every few years as the plant grows, choosing a slightly larger pot each time.
  • Maintenance: Minimal maintenance is required. Remove dead leaves as needed. Monitor for pests and diseases. Be cautious when handling the spines.

7. Propagation Methods

Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ can be propagated through several methods.

  • Offsets: The most common and easiest method is by separating offsets (pups) that develop around the base of the mother plant. Carefully remove the pups from the mother plant, ensuring each pup has its own root system and the most vigorous root system possible. Allow the cut end of the pup to callous over for a day or two before planting in well-draining soil.
  • Bulbils: While less frequently observed in this agave than in some other species, it may produce bulbils on the flower stalk. Carefully collect bulbils as they develop and plant them in a well-draining medium to root.
  • Seeds: Seed propagation is possible. Collect seeds from mature seed pods, clean them, and sow them in a well-draining seed starting mix. Keep the seeds moist but not waterlogged, and provide adequate light and warmth. Germination can take several weeks.
  • Hybridisation: Agave parryi var. huachucensis is not known to be an easy or commonly hybridised species.

8. Pests and Diseases

While generally pest-resistant, Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ can sometimes be affected by:

  • Pests: Mealybugs, scale insects, and agave snout weevils can occasionally infest the plant. Inspect plants regularly for signs of these pests. Control mealybugs and scale with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Remove weevils manually if detected.
  • Diseases: Root rot, caused by overwatering or poor drainage, is the most common disease. Prevent root rot by ensuring good drainage and proper watering practices.

9. Cultivars and Related Species

There are no known official cultivars for ‘Wakefield’ Agave or cultivated varieties of Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’. Cultivated forms can differ slightly in leaf color or shape due to environmental influences and natural variation.

Related species include:

  • Agave parryi: The parent species, which exhibits similar characteristics but can vary significantly in form and coloration.
  • Agave havardiana: A closely related species found in Texas and New Mexico, sharing a similar but distinct appearance.

10. Conclusion

The Agave parryi var. huachucensis ‘Wakefield’ is a testament to the enduring beauty and resilience of the desert landscape. Its striking appearance, drought tolerance, and relatively low maintenance make it an excellent choice for gardens in appropriate climates. Consider adding this unique agave to your landscape or collection to enjoy its architectural appeal and the sense of the Southwest it brings. You can often find plants for sale through nurseries dedicated to succulents.